| Aztreonam Pharmacology |
| Aztreonam |
| About Aztreonam |
| Monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. |
| Mechanism of Action of Aztreonam |
| It is a monobactum with narrow spectrum of activity which exerts its bactericidal action against susceptible organisms by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin binding protein-3 of sensitive organisms and inhibits mucopeptide synthesis of bacterial cell wall which leads to cell lysis & death. It inhibits gram negative enteric bacilli, H.influenzae, pseudomonas etc. |
| Pharmacokinets of Aztreonam |
| Absorption: Orally not well absorbed but rapidly absorbed after I.M. or I.V. administration. Distribution: Widely distributed, Metabolism: A portion of drug is metabolized in to inactive metabolite, Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine; A small portion is excreted through faeces and also in breast milk. |
| Onset of Action for Aztreonam |
| N/A |
| Duration of Action for Aztreonam |
| N/A |
| Half Life of Aztreonam |
| 2 hours |
| Side Effects of Aztreonam |
| 1.Nausea 2.Diarrhea 3.Vomiting 4.Headache 5.Seizures 6.Elevation of liver enzymes & creatinine 7.Swelling & discomfort at I.M. injection site & thrombophlebitis at I.V. injection site. 8.Hypersensitivity reactions 9.Neutropenia 10.Pancytopenia 11.Thrombocytopenia |
| Contra-indications of Aztreonam |
| 1.Hypersensitivity to Aztreonam |
| Special Precautions while taking Aztreonam |
| 1.Renal impairment 2.Hepatic impairment 3.Avoid use together with other beta lactum antibiotics & amino glycosides because additive effects occur 4.Avoid use together with Probenecid, Chloramphenicol, Clavulanic acid etc. |
| Pregnancy Related Information |
| Contraindicated |
| Old Age Related Information |
| Use with caution |
| Breast Feeding Related Information |
| May be used |
| Children Related Information |
| (Above 1 month): may be used NEONATES:Contraindicated |
| Indications for Aztreonam |
| 1.Tonsillitis 2.Pharyngitis 3.Pneumonia, Bronchitis, & other respiratory tract infections 4.Urinogenital tract infections 5.Septicemia 6.Gonorrhea 7.Biliary infections 8.Pelvic inflammatory diseases 9.Hospital acquired infections 10.Infections in patients allergic to penicillins 11.Skin & soft tissue infections. |
| Interactions for Aztreonam |
| None with gentamicin, metronidazole, cephrodine, clindamycin, nafcillin or frusemide. |
| Typical Dosage for Aztreonam |
| 0.5gm to 2gm I.V. or I.M. twice daily or thrice daily In severe infections: 2gm I.M or I.V.; 3 times daily to 4 times daily Maximum dose: 8gm/day Gonorrhea: 1gm intramuscularly as a single dose |
| Schedule of Aztreonam |
| H |
| Storage Requirements for Aztreonam |
| Aztreonam may be stored at room temperature for 48 hours and in refrigerator for a week. |
| Effects of Missed Dosage of Aztreonam |
| Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose. |
| Effects of Overdose of Aztreonam |
| The drug is removed from the body by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis |