| Amphotericin-B Pharmacology |
| Amphotericin-B |
| About Amphotericin-B |
| It is a polyene antifungal antibiotic. |
| Mechanism of Action of Amphotericin-B |
| Amphotericin B has high affinity for ergosterol present in the fungal cell membrane and bind with it and they orients in such a way that micropore channel are formed and leads to efflux of ions, amino acid, sugar and other water soluble substances and results in cell disruption. |
| Pharmacokinets of Amphotericin-B |
| Absorption: It is well absorbed after parenteral administration.Distribution: It is distributed in the body in protein bound form.Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver.Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine |
| Onset of Action for Amphotericin-B |
| 1 minute |
| Duration of Action for Amphotericin-B |
| 2 days |
| Half Life of Amphotericin-B |
| 15 days |
| Side Effects of Amphotericin-B |
| 1.Pain at the site of injection 2.Fever 3.Chills 4.Nausea 5.Vomiting 6.Myalgia 7.Hearing loss 8.Thrombocytopenia 9.Anaphylactoid reactions 10.Thrombophlebitis 11.Tinnitus 12.Anorexia 13.Apnoea 14.Hypotension |
| Contra-indications of Amphotericin-B |
| 1.Hypersensitivity to Amphotericin B |
| Special Precautions while taking Amphotericin-B |
| 1.Renal impairment, 2. Hepatic dysfunction |
| Pregnancy Related Information |
| Use with caution |
| Old Age Related Information |
| Use with caution |
| Breast Feeding Related Information |
| Use with caution. |
| Children Related Information |
| N/A |
| Indications for Amphotericin-B |
| 1.Oral, Cutaneous, vaginal candidiasis 2.Otomycosis 3.Mucocutaneous candidiasis 4.Fungal meningitis 5.Kala azar 6.Cryptococcosis 7.Histoplasmosis 8.Coccidioidomycosis 9.Blastomycosis 10.Paracoccidioidomycosis 11.Aspergillosis 12.Sporotrichosis 13.Systemic mycoses |
| Interactions for Amphotericin-B |
| Corticosteroids: Hypokalaemia. Digitalis: Enhances digitalis toxicity. Cyclosporine, Aminoglycosides: Increase in nephrotoxic effects. Betoconazole: Antagonism with betoconazole. Flucytosine: Synergy. |
| Typical Dosage for Amphotericin-B |
| Adult: Initial dose: 1 mg IV; Next day 0.25 mg / kg. / Day followed by an increase in dose of 5 – 10 mg every day. Maximum daily dose: 1 mg / kg body weight / day |
| Schedule of Amphotericin-B |
| H |
| Storage Requirements for Amphotericin-B |
| The vial should be stored in refrigerator at 2 – 8 degree C.Keep away from heat and light. The reconstituted solution should be stored in refrigerator and it is stable only for 1 week and when it kept it room temperature it should be used with in a day. |
| Effects of Missed Dosage of Amphotericin-B |
| N/A |
| Effects of Overdose of Amphotericin-B |
| Give supportive measures and treatment. |