| Amiloride Pharmacology |
| Amiloride |
| About Amiloride |
| Potassium-Sparing Diuretic , a pyrazine-carbonyl-guanidine, Diuretic, Antihypertensive. |
| Mechanism of Action of Amiloride |
| Amiloride is a guanidine derivative which exerts its diuretic action by interacting with renal epithelial Na+ channels in distal tubules and collecting duct and prevents sodium reabsorption. It prevents potassium lose. It also increases chloride, bicarbonate, and water excretion and decreases H+ excretion. The drug augment the natriuretic and anti hypertensive response of other drugs. It is used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis and idiopathic edema. It is used mainly in combination with other drugs in the management of hypertension and to correct hypokalemia caused by other diuretic drugs. |
| Pharmacokinets of Amiloride |
| Absorption: Orally absorbed up to 50%. Food decreases absorption. Distribution: Widely distributed extravascularly. Metabolism: It is not metabolized in the body. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine. |
| Onset of Action for Amiloride |
| 2hours |
| Duration of Action for Amiloride |
| 24 hours. |
| Half Life of Amiloride |
| 6 to 9 hours |
| Side Effects of Amiloride |
| 1.Headache 2.Orthostatic hypotension 3.Confusion 4.Nausea 5.Diarrhoea 6.Anorexia 7.Weakness 8.Hyperkalemia 9.Hyponatremia 10.Aplastic anaemia 11.Neutropenia 12.Impotence 13.Altered liver function tests 14.Altered kidney function tests 15.Gastro intestinal disturbances 16.Constipation 17.Dyspnoea 18.Rashes 19.Ototoxicity |
| Contra-indications of Amiloride |
| 1.Hypersensitivity to the drug 2.Renal impairment 3.Hyper kalemia 4.Along with other potassium sparing diuretics 5.Anuria 6.Diabetic nephropathy. |
| Special Precautions while taking Amiloride |
| 1.Hepatic impairment 2.Diabetes mellitus 3.Along with other diuretics |
| Pregnancy Related Information |
| Contraindicated |
| Old Age Related Information |
| Use with caution. |
| Breast Feeding Related Information |
| Contraindicated. |
| Children Related Information |
| Contraindicated |
| Indications for Amiloride |
| 1.Adjunctive in treatment of Hypertension 2.Edema associated with heart failure with potassium conservation 3.Edema where potassium conservation is needed. 4.Liddle`s syndrome |
| Interactions for Amiloride |
| Lithium: Increaes serum lithium levels and toxicity. Ace inhibitors: Increased risk of potassium retention. Digoxin: Increased renal clearance of digoxin. |
| Typical Dosage for Amiloride |
| 5mg 1 to 2 times daily. Increased to 10mg 1 to 2 times if required. |
| Schedule of Amiloride |
| H |
| Storage Requirements for Amiloride |
| Store in a well closed container at a temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C. Protects from light, moisture and freezing. |
| Effects of Missed Dosage of Amiloride |
| Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose. |
| Effects of Overdose of Amiloride |
| Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Drug is removed by induced emesis or gastric lavage. Monitor & support serum electrolyte level and blood acidosis. To reduce potassium levels administer I.V. sodium bicarbonate or glucose with insulin. Potassium levels can be also lowered by cation exchange resins like sodium polystyrene sulfonate given orally or as retention enema. |